Tema 3.8: Would like for preferences and polite requests. Future plans with "to be going to".
WOULD LIKE PARA PREFERENCIAS Y PETICIONES CORTESES
En español es normal decir "Quiero un vaso con agua", lo vemos normal, sin embargo el equivalente en inglés es visto como una grosería, si no se conoce a la persona que hace la petición. El verbo "want", para hacer peticiones, se usa entre un círculo íntimo al hablante. Para sonar educado, usamos WOULD LIKE
La estructura para hacer una petición cortés es:
SUJETO + WOULD LIKE + COMPLEMENTO
| SUJETO | WOULD LIKE | COMPLEMENTO |
|---|---|---|
| I | would like | some ice cream |
| She | would like | a cup of coffee |
| He | would like | a sandwich |
1) I would like some ice cream.
Me gustaría un poco de helado.
2) He would like a cup of coffee.
A él le gustaría una taza de café.
3) She would like a sandwich.
A ella le gustaría un sandwich.
Siempre, de manera informal, podemos contraer cada pronombre personal sujeto con would de la siguiente manera:
I would = I´d
You would = You'd
He would = He'd
She would = She'd
It would = It'd
We would = We'd
They would = They'd.
De modo que las oraciones anteriores quedan como:
1) I'd like some ice cream.
2) He'd like a cup of coffee.
3) She'd like a sandwich.
Para hacer un ofrecimiento cortes, tenemos la siguiente estructura:
(WH) + WOULD + SUJETO + LIKE + COMPLEMENTO?
| (WH) | WOULD | SUJETO | LIKE | COMPLEMENTO? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Would | you | like | a snack? | |
| Would | your baby | like | some cookies? | |
| What | would | they | like | for dinner? |
1) Would you like a snack?
¿Te gustaría un refrigerio?
2) Would your baby like some cookies?
¿A tu bebé le gustaría algunas galletas?
3) What would they like for dinner?
¿Qué les gustaría para cenar?
Las respuestas cortas para estas preguntas podrían ser:
1) Would you like a snack?
Yes, I would.
2) Would your baby like some cookies?
No, he wouldn't.
3) What would they like for dinner?
Pizza, please!
Nota como en la segunda oración pudimos hacer la contracción would + not = wouldn't.
PLANES FUTUROS CON TO BE GOING TO
TO BE GOING TO significa "ir a" y es una estructura de futuro que sirve, entre otras cosas, para establecer futuros próximos.
Las estructuras afirmativas y negativas con "to be going to" están resumidas en la siguiente fórmula:
SUJETO + AM/IS/ARE + (NOT) + GOING TO + BASE + COMPLEMENTO
Podemos ver que esta estructura es de presente continuo.
| SUJETO | AM/IS/ARE | (NOT) | GOING TO | BASE | COMPLEMENTO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| She | is | going to | visit | her grandparents | |
| We | are | going to | have | lunch | |
| They | are | not | going to | watch | the movie |
1) She is going to visit her grandparents.
Ella va a visitar a sus abuelos.
2) We are going to have lunch.
Vamos a almorzar.
3) They are not going to watch a movie.
Ellos no van a ver una película.
Para formar las interrogativas tenemos la estrcutura:
(WH) + AM/IS/ARE + SUJETO + GOING TO + BASE + COMPLEMENTO?
| (WH) | AM/IS/ARE | SUJETO | GOING TO | BASE | COMPLEMENTO? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Is | he | going to | start | exercising? | |
| Are | they | going to | attend | the concert? | |
| When | are | they | going to | arrive? |
1) Is he going to start exercising?
¿Va a empezar a hacer ejercicio?
2) Are they going to attend the concert?
¿Van a asistir al concierto?
3) When are they going to arrive?
¿Cuándo van a llegar?
Para realizar los ejercicios, haz clic aquí.
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